В этой статье вы узнаете, из чего состоят грамматические времена действительного залога (англ. «Active Voice») в русском и английском.
действие длилось какое-то время до
+| S had been + V4
-| S hadn't been + V4
?| Had S been + V4?
действие закончилось к моменту в прошлом
+| S had + V3
-| S hadn't + V3
?| Had S + V3?
действие длилось в определённый момент в прошлом
+| I, He, She, It was + V4
YouYou, we, they were + V4
-| I, he, she, it wasn't + V4
YouYou, we, they weren't + V4
?| Was I, he, she, it + V4?
WerWere you, we, they + V4?
факт в прошлом
+| S + V2
-| S didn't + V0
?| Did S + V0?
действие длится какое-то время
+|I, You, We, They have been + V4
YoHe, She, It has been + V4
-|I, You, We, They haven't been + V4
HaHe, She, It hasn't been + V4
?|Have I, you, we, they been + V4?
HaHas he, she, it been + V4?
действие закончилось к настоящему моменту
+| I, You, We, They have + V3
HasHe, She, It has + V3
-| I, You, We, They haven't + V3
HasHe, She, It hasn't + V3
?| Have I, you, we, they + V3?
HasHas he, she, it + V3?
действие длится сейчас
+| I am + V4
HasHe, She, It is + V4
HasYou, We, They are + V4
-| I'm not + V4
HasHe, She, It isn't + V4
HasYou, We, They aren't + V4
?| Am I + V4?
HasIs he, she, it + V4?
HasAre you, we, they + V4?
факт в настоящем
+| I, You, We, They + V0
YouHe, She, It + V1-| I, You, We, They don't + V0
YouHe, She, It doesn't+ V0
?| Do I, you, we, they + V0YouDoes he, she, it + V0
факт в будущем
+| S will + V0
-| S won't + V0
?| Will S + V0?
действие будет длиться в определённый момент в будущем
+| S will be + V4
-| S won't be + V4
?| Will S be + V4?
действие закончится к моменту в будущем
+| S will have + V3
-| S won't have + V3
?| Will S have + V3?
действие будет длиться какое-то время до
+| S will have been + V4
-| S won't have been + V4
?| Will S have been + V4?